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And finally, this project can address two
aspects of the phenomenon of globalization.
First,
much debate centers around the extent to which
globalization entails a homogenization of
organizational
and cultural forms versus some form of
adaptation to local contexts. This project as
framed hypothesizes
the latter outcome, while leaving open the
possibility of the former. Second, globalization
is often
equated with the increasing domination of
multi-national capital and the spread of
economic neo27
liberalism. While my research may show this in
fact to be the case, the precise manner in which
such
economic and institutional globalization occurs
is not predetermined. That is, in South Africa
we find
that a fully privatized casino industry was only
possible because of the manner in which race and
development were defined by state leaders—i.e.,
strictly economically. In California, in
contrast,
repeated attempts to legalize casino gambling
through reference to economic benefits failed;
the industry
could only be legitimated when tied to a
non-economic logic of development and race. In
sum, this study
problematizes homogenizing accounts of
globalization, instead situating the spread of
Western style
casino gambling within local relations of
institutional power.
! No differences were apparent in awareness,
perceived adequacy and perceived effectiveness
when different age groups were compared, except
that younger and middle aged people were
significantly more likely than older people to
have noticed signs about G-Line counselling
services in their club.
! When the data were compared for frequency of
playing poker machines, more regular
playing was associated with higher levels of
awareness of some responsible gambling
measures, particularly relating to signage and
information (house policy, signs about the risks
of gambling, signs about problem gambling, signs
about winning the maximum prize on a
gaming machine, player information brochures,
signs about limited cash payments of large
vi
wins), the gambling environment (clocks,
windows, lighting, ability to play poker
machines
continuously), placement of ATMs, partial cheque
payment of large winnings and inability to
obtain credit from the club for gambling.
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